大家帮我找一下英语常见的缩略词
1.For payers, formulary matters because it affects the value proposition, which is derived initially and significantly from encouraging prescribing of lower-cost alternatives. It’s also the easiest component of the EHR to measure. Eligibility matters because of the complexities associated with pharmacy benefit design. It’s kind of complex but, in summary, benefits for companies such as GM, Ford and Chrysler or the UAW—who carve out the pharmacy benefit—may often be misidentified in the EHR if eligibility is not involved. In managing the Southeastern Michigan ePrescribing Initiative (SEMI), we found an average savings of $4.78 per prescription. When that analysis was completed, all prescribing decisions were made from an eligibility-informed formulary.
2.Medical education in the United States includes educational activities involved in the education and training of medical doctors (D.O. or M.D.) in the United States, from entry-level training through to continuing education of qualified specialists.
A typical outline of the medical education pathway is presented below; however, medicine is a diverse profession with many options available. For example, some doctors work in pharmaceutical research, occupational medicine (within a company), public health medicine (working for the general health of a population in an area), or join the armed forces.
3.Anesthesiologists are physicians who provide medical care to patients when doing surgical procedures. Anesthesiologists are responsible for ensuring the delivery of anesthesia safely to patients in virtually all health care settings, including all major medical and tertiary care facilities. This includes a preoperative evaluation, consultation with the surgical team, creating a plan for the anesthesia tailored to each individual patient, airway management, intraoperative life support and provision of pain control, intraoperative diagnostic stabilization, and proper post-operative management of patients. Preparation of patients for emergency surgery are mandatory, essential, and critical skills that anesthesiologists have been trained to employ. Because anesthesiologists are physicians, in contrast to other anesthesia providers, they are able to utilize their extensive knowledge of human physiology and diseases to guide their decision making.
Historically there has been a shortage of anesthesiologists. In order to better serve the population, residency positions in anesthesiology for physicians have been steadily increasing the past several years. In addition, physicians supervise ACTs, or Anesthesia Care Teams, which are composed of a supervising physician with several certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) or anesthesiologist assistants (AAs), working together to provide healthcare to the population. In other areas of the country, anesthesiologists work in what is deemed a "solo" or "MD/DO only" practice, during which they provide anesthesia in a "one on one" relationship with the patient.
A consultant anesthetist in the UK is a fully qualified doctor, who has spent at least 9 years (7 of which should be in anesthesia) after graduation as a trainee, and is appointed as a consultant. A trainee anesthetist in the UK is a fully qualified doctor on their way to become a consultant; they could be 2 years post graduation or may be even 10 years post graduation.
4.Diabetes mellitus, often simply referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the body does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced.[2] This high blood sugar produces the classical symptoms of polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst) and polyphagia (increased hunger).
The three main types of diabetes mellitus (DM) are:
Type 1 DM results from the body's failure to produce insulin, and presently requires the person to inject insulin. (Also referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or "juvenile" diabetes)
Type 2 DM results from insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to use insulin properly, sometimes combined with an absolute insulin deficiency. (Formerly referred to as noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or "adult-onset" diabetes)
Gestational diabetes is when pregnant women, who have never had diabetes before, have a high blood glucose level during pregnancy. It may precede development of type 2 DM.
5.List of Necessary Stuff to Have: Your medicine cabinet should have general health items and emergency supplies. Given below are some crucial items:
1.) Plasters and bandages
2.) Vapor rub or oils to take care of cold, body-aches and headaches
3.) Cold medicines, cough syrups and decongestants
4.) Digital or chemical-dot thermometer to check body temperature
5.) Antiseptic and antibiotic creams or sprays
6.) Heat water bottles, ice/heat packs
7.) Antihistamine creams to take care of allergic reactions
8.) Paracetamol tablets for children and adults
9.) Ibuprofen also know as advil or motrin
10.) Medicine dropper, oral syringe or calibrated spoon to administer the drugs
11.) Sunscreens created to block UVA and UVB rays
12.) Petroleum jelly
13.) Tweezers
14.) Gels to decrease pain of mouth ulcers and dental infections
15.) Insect repellents
Stock the Medicines in Separate Containers: Stock medicines in original containers and label each container correctly so no one takes the wrong medicine by mistake.
6.Although about 50 to 60% of people in China are estimated to have consulted traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) doctors at least once, western medicine is the officially recognized system of health care in China. TCM has not been recognized or funded by health authorities (Tang and Wong, 1998). There are currently no registration and professional certification requirements for TCM doctors to practice in China. This situation is about to change in the near future. In his annual policy address in October 1998 , the China Government cited the development of TCM as one of several strategies to stimulate long term economic growth in the territory .Legislation on Chinese medicine will be introduced in 1999, and formal registration of TCM doctors is scheduled to begin in 2000 .
Celebration of the Olympic Games奥运会的举办 The Games of the Olympiad are held during the first year of the Olympiad which they celebrate. Beginning in 1994, the year of the XVⅡ Olympic Winter Games, the Olympic Winter Games are held during the second calendar year following that during which an Olympiad begins. The honor of hosting the Olympic Games is entrusted by the IOC to a city, which is designated as the host city of the Olympic Games. The time of year at which the Olympic Games are to be held must be proposed by the candidate cities to the IOC Executive Board for approval prior to the election of the host city. The non-celebration of the Olympic Games during the year in which they should be held entails the cancellation of the rights of the host city. The duration of the competitions of the Games of the Olympiad and of the Olympic Winter Games shall not exceed 16 days. If no competition is scheduled for Sundays or public holidays, the duration of the Olympic Games may, with the approval of the IOC Executive Board, be extended accordingly. 奥林匹克夏季运动会在奥林匹克周期的第一年举行。从1994年第17届奥林匹克冬季运动会开始，奥林匹克冬季运动会在奥林匹克周期开始后的第二个历年举行。国际奥委会将主办奥运会的荣誉，授予被选定为承办的城市。奥运会在一年中举办的时间必须在主办城市的遴选开始前由申办城市提交国际奥委会执行委员会批准。奥运会如在应举行的那一年没有举行，主办城市的主办权则被取消。奥林匹克夏季运动会和奥林匹克冬季运动会的比赛期限不得超过16天。如果星期日或公假日不安排比赛，奥运会的会期经国际奥委会执行委员会批准，可相应延长。
1. 表示各种组织或机构的缩略词APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) 亚太经贸合作组织
IOC (International Olympic Committee) 国际奥林匹克委员会
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 国际标准化组织
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 欧佩克，石油输出国组织
WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织
2. 表示各种系统的缩略词
BBS (Bulletin Board System) 电子布告栏系统或(Bulletin Board Service)电子布告服务
GPS (Global Position System) 全球定位系统
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) 全球移动通信系统
CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing System) 计算机集成制造系统
DOS (Disc Operating System) 磁盘操作系统
ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) 智能交通系统
NMD (National Missile Defense) 国家导弹防御系统
TMDE (Test, Measure and Diagnostic Euipment) 试验、测量与诊断设备
NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation) 纳斯达克，<美>全国证券交易商自动报价系统协会
3. 有关职务或学位的缩略词
CEO (Chief Executive Officer) 首席执行官
CFO (Chief Finance Officer) 首席财务官
CIO (Chief Information Officer) 首席信息官
COO (Chief Operating Officer) 首席运行官
CTO (Chief Technology Officer)首席技术官
CPA (Certified Public Accountant) 注册会计师
MBA (Master of Business Administration) 工商管理硕士
MPA (Master of Public Administration) 公共管理硕士
4. 有关金融方面的缩略词
ATM (Automated Teller Machine) 自动取款(出纳)机
CBD (Central Business District) 中央商务区
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) 国内生产总值
GNP (Gross National Product) 国民生产总值
5. 有关考试方面的缩略词
CET (College English Test) 大学英语等级考试
GRE (Graduate Record Examination) 美国研究生入学考试
PETS (Public English Test System) 全国英语等级考试
6. 其他方面的缩略词
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ) 获得性免疫功能丧失综合症，即艾滋病
AM (Amplitude Modulation) 调幅
APC (aspirin, phenacetin and caffeine; compound aspirin; heat-relieving and pain-killing medicine consisting of aspirin, phenacetin and caffeine) 复方阿斯匹林
API (Air Pollution Index) 空气污染指数
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) 码分多址，一种无线电发射和接受方式
CD (Compact Disc) 激光唱盘
CIP (Cataloguing in Publication)预编目录
DIY (Do It Yourself)指自己动手装电脑，缝制衣服，做贺卡等
DVD (Digital Video Disc) 数字化视频光盘
EMS (Express Mail Service) 邮政特快专递
EQ (Emotional Quotient) 情商
IQ (Intelligence Quotient) 智商
IT (Information Technology) 信息技术
OA (Office Automation) 办公自动化
OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) 原始设备制造商
PC (Personal Computer)个人计算机
PT (Particular Transfer) 特别转让
SOHO (Small Office Home Office) 小型家居办公室
SOS (Save Our Souls; radio signal once used universally to appeal for help esp. by a ship or boat; urgent request for help from sb. in trouble) 国际上曾通用的紧急呼救信号，也用于一般的求救或求助
ST (Special Treatment) 特别处理
VIP (Very Important Person) 要人
VOD (Video on Demand) 视频点播
WWW (World Wide Web) 万维网
网络聊天常用英语缩略词
ASAP As soon as possible尽快
BF Boyfriend 男朋友
BTW By the way 随便说一下
BBL Be back later 稍后回来
BRB Be right back 很快回来
CU See you 再见
CUL See you later 下次再会
DIIK Damned if I known 我真的不知道
DS Dunce smiley 笨伯
FE For example 举例
FTF Face to face 面对面
FYI For your information 供参考
GF girlfriend 女朋友
IAE In any event无论如何
IC I see 我明白
ILY I love you 我爱你
IMHO In my humble opinion 依愚人之见
IMO In my opinion 依我所见
IOW In other words 换句话说
LOL laughing out loudly 大声笑
NRN No reply necessary 不必回信
OIC Oh, I see 哦,我知道
PEM Privacy enhanced mail 保密邮件
RSVP Reply if you please 请答复
TIA Thanks in advance 十分感谢
TTUL Talk to you later 以后再讲
TY Thank you 谢谢
VG very good 很好
WRT With respect to 关于
WYMM Will you marry me 愿意嫁给我吗
常见游戏名称英语缩略词大全
ACT(Action，动作类游戏)
ARPG(Action Role Play Game，动作角色扮演游戏)
AVG(Adventure Game，冒险类游戏)
DAN(Dance，跳舞类游戏，包括跳舞机、吉他机、打鼓机等)
DC(Dreamcast，世嘉64位游戏机)
ETC(etc，其它类游戏，包括模拟飞行)
FFJ(Force Feedback Joystick(力量反匮式操纵杆)
FPG(First Person Game，第一人称游戏)
FTG(Fighting Game，格斗类游戏)
GB(GameBoy，任天堂4位手提游戏机)
GBC(GameBoy Color，任天堂手提16色游戏机)
GG(GameGear，世嘉彩色手提游戏机)
FC(Famicom，任天堂8位游戏机)
fps(frames per second，帧/秒)
FR(Frames Rate，游戏运行帧数)
MAC(Macintosh，苹果电脑)
N64(Nintendo64，任天堂64位游戏机)
SFC(Super Famicom，超级任天堂16位游戏机)
SLG(Simulation Game，模拟类游戏)SPG(SportsGames，运动类游戏)
SRPG(Strategies Role Play Games，战略角色扮演游戏)
STG(Shoot Game，射击类游戏)
SS(Sega Saturn，世嘉土星32位游戏机)
PC(Personal Computer，个人计算机)
PS(PlayStation，索尼32位游戏机)
PS(PocketStation，索尼手提游戏机)
RAC(Race，赛车类游戏)
RTS(RealTime Strategies，实时战略)
RPG(Role Play Game，角色扮演游戏)
TAB(Table Chess，桌棋类游戏)
外贸中常见英文缩略词
1 C&F (cost&freight)成本加运费价
2 T/T (telegraphic transfer)电汇
3 D/P (document against payment)付款交单
4 D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单
5 C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证
6 G.S.P. (generalized system of preferences)普惠制
7 CTN/CTNS (carton/cartons)纸箱
8 PCE/PCS (piece/pieces)只、的个、的支等
9 DL/DLS (dollar/dollars)美元
10 DOZ/DZ (dozen)一打
11 PKG (package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等
12 WT (weight)重量
13 G.W. (gross weight)毛重
14 N.W. (net weight)净重
15 C/D (customs declaration)报关单
16 EA (each)每个，各
17 W (with)具有
18 w/o (without)没有
19 FAC (facsimile)传真
20 IMP (import)进口
21 EXP (export)出口
22 MAX (maximum)最大的、的最大限度的
23 MIN (minimum)最小的，最低限度
24 M 或MED (medium)中等，中级的
25 M/V (merchant vessel)商船
26 S.S (steamship)船运
27 MT或M/T (metric ton)公吨
28 DOC (document)文件、的单据
29 INT (international)国际的
30 P/L (packing list)装箱单、的明细表
31 INV (invoice)发票
32 PCT (percent)百分比
33 REF (reference)参考、的查价
34 EMS (express mail special)特快传递
35 STL. (style)式样、的款式、的类型
36 T或LTX或TX(telex)电传
37 RMB (renminbi)人民币
38 S/M (shipping marks)装船标记
39 PR或PRC (price) 价格
40 PUR (purchase)购买、的购货
41 S/C (sales contract)销售确认书
42 L/C (letter of credit)信用证
43 B/L (bill of lading)提单
44 FOB (free on board)离岸价
45 CIF (cost,insurance&freight)成本、的保险加运费价
补充：
CR=credit贷方，债主
DR=debt借贷方
（注意：国外常说的debt card，就是银行卡，credit card就是信誉卡。这里都是指银行和财务公司说的，你的银行卡，是你将钱放入银行，银行是“借贷方”，所以叫做debt卡。用credit卡，是你从银行或者财政公司借钱，银行或公司是“贷方”，所就叫credit。）
Exp=Expense花费，费用
O/H=overhead常用开支
TC=total cost总费用
FC=fixed cost常设费用
VC=variable cost变动费用
P=profit竟利润
S=sales销售总额
Rev=revenue利润
MC=marginal cost费用差额
GM=gross margin毛利
MR=marginal revenue利润差额
A/R=acount receivable待收款（销售后，记账以后收取。）
A/P=account payable代付费（花费后记账，以后付费。）
PMT=payment支付款
N/I=net income纯收入
AMT=amount数额
DCT=discount打折
ASP常见缩略词全写及中文含义
WWW----World Wide Web(万维网)
URL----Uniform Resource Locator(统一资源定位符)
HTTP----Hyper Text Transfer Protocol(超文本传输协议)
HTML----Hyper Text Markup Language(超文本标记语言)
XML----Extensible Markup Language(可扩展标记语言)
ODBC----Open DataBase Connectivity(开放数据库连接标准)
DLL----Dynamic Link Library(动态链接库)
DAO----Data Access Objects(数据连接对象)
RDO----Remote Data Objects(远程数据对象)
ADO----Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects(动态数据对象)
SQL----Structured Query Language(结构化查询语言)
CGI----Common Gateway Interface(公共网关接口)
API----Application Programming Interface(应用程序编程接口)
ASP----Active Server Pages(动态服务页面)
PHP----Personal HomePage(个人主页)
JSP----Java Server Pages
ColdFusion
SSI----Server-Side Include(服务器端包含)
DOM----Document Object Model(文档对象模型)
IIS----Internet Information Server(网络信息服务)
IP----Internet Protocol(网际协议)
TCP----Transmission Control Protocol(传输控制协议)
IE----Internet Explorer(浏览器)
CSS----Cascading Style Sheet(层叠式样式表)
VBScript----Microsoft Visual Basic Script Edition
ISDN----综合业务数字网
Web
FTP
SMTP
MMC----管理控制台
常见外贸英语缩略词
1 C&F(cost&freight)成本加运费价
2 T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇
3 D/P(document against payment)付款交单
4 D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单
5 C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证
6 G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制
7 CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱
8 PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等
9 DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元
10 DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打
11 PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等
12 WT(weight)重量
13 G.W.(gross weight)毛重
14 N.W.(net weight)净重
15 C/D (customs declaration)报关单
16 EA(each)每个，各
17 W (with)具有
18 w/o(without)没有
19 FAC(facsimile)传真
20 IMP(import)进口
21 EXP(export)出口
22 MAX (maximum)最大的、最大限度的
23 MIN (minimum)最小的，最低限度
网络聊天常用英语缩略词
The most common Latin words, abbreviations, and initialisms still in use are:
A.D. (anno Domini), "in the year of the Lord".
a.m. (ante meridiem), "before midday".
c. & ca. (circa), "around (about, approximately)".
cf. (confer) means "bring together" and hence "compare" (confer is the imperative of the Latin verb conferre)
Example: "These results were similar to those obtained using different techniques (cf. Wilson, 1999 and Ansmann, 1992)."
C.V. or CV (curriculum vitae), meaning "course of life". A document containing a summary or listing of relevant job experience and education. The exact usage of the term varies between British English and American English.
cwt. (centum weight), "Hundredweight": [1] N.B. this uses a mixture of Latin and English abbreviation.
D.D. (Divinitatis Doctor), "Doctor of Divinity":
D.Lit. (Doctor Litterarum), "Doctor of Literature":
D.M. (Doctor Medicinae), "Doctor of Medicine":
D.V. (Deo volente), "God willing".
DG, D.G. or DEI GRA (Dei gratia), "by the grace of God".[1] A part of the monarch's title, it is found on all British coins.
ead. (eadem): see id. below.
et al. (et alii) means "and others", or "and co-workers".[1] It can also stand for et alia, "and other things".
Example: "These results agree with the ones published by Pelon et al. (2002)."
etc. (et cetera) (archaic abbreviations include &c. and &/c.) means "and the others", "and other things", "and the rest".
Example: "I need to go to the store and buy some pie, milk, cheese, etc."
e.g. (exempli gratia) means "for example", "for instance".
Example: "The use of a sensor to measure the solar radiation, e.g. a sunphotometer, is necessary in this technique."
fl. or flor. (floruit) means the period of time during which a person, school, movement or even species was active or flourishing (literally, "he/she/it flourished").
F D or FID DEF (fidei defensor), "defender of the faith". A part of the monarch's title, it is found on all British coins.
ibid. (ibidem) means "in the same place (book, etc.)"[1], and is used in citations. It should not be confused with the following abbreviation. It is better pronounced ibídem, with stress on the second -i- (as it was in Latin).
id. (idem) means "the same (man)".[1] It is used to avoid repeating the name of an author (in citations, footnotes, bibliographies, etc.) Note that if we are quoting an authoress we should use the corresponding feminine form, i.e. ead. (eadem), "the same (woman)" (eadem is pronounced with stress on the first e-).
i.a. ("inter alia") means "among other things".
Example: "Ernest Hemingway- author (i.a. 'The Sun Also Rises')"
i.e. (id est) means "that is" or "in other words".
Example: "For reasons not fully understood there is only a minor PSI contribution to the variable fluorescence emission of chloroplasts (Dau, 1994), i.e. the PSI fluorescence appears to be independent from the state of its reaction centre (Butler, 1978)."
lb. (libra) means "scales", used to indicate the pound (mass).
M.O. (modus operandi) means "method of operating".
N.B. (nota bene) means "note well". Some people use "Note" for the same purpose.[1] Usually written with majuscule letters.
Example: "N.B.: All the measurements have an accuracy of 5% as they were calibrated according to the procedure described by Jackson (1989)."
nem. con. (nemine contradicente) means "with no-one speaking against". This does NOT mean "unanimously", but simply that nobody voted against - in other words, there may have been abstentions.
p.a. (per annum) means "through a year", and is used in the sense of "yearly".[1]
per cent. (per centum), "Per hundred":
p.m. (post meridiem), "after midday".
p.m.a. (post mortem auctoris) means "after the author's death".
p.p. & per pro. (per procurationem), "through the agency of".
PRN (pro re nata), "as needed" in relation to medication.
pro tem. (pro tempore), "for the time being", temporarily, in place of.[1]
P.S. (post scriptum) means "after what has been written"; it is used to indicate additions to a text after the signature.
Q.D. (quaque die), "every day", used on medications to indicate when to take.
Q.E.D. (quod erat demonstrandum) means "which was to be demonstrated".[1] Cited in many texts at the end of a mathematical proof.
q.v. (quod vide) means "which see".[1] Used after a term or phrase that should be looked up elsewhere in the current document or book. For more than one term or phrase, the plural is quae vide (qq.v.).
Re (in re) means "in the matter of", or "concerning". Often used to prefix the subject of replies to memoranda and latterly, emails.
REG (regina), "queen". A part of the monarch's title, it is found on all British coins minted when the reigning monarch is a queen. Rex, "king" (not an abbreviation) is used when the reigning monarch is a king.
R.I.P. (requiescat in pace), "may he/she rest in peace": a short prayer for a dead person. It can also mean requiescant (plural) in pace, i.e. "may they" etc.
sc. (scilicet) means "that is to say".[1][2] Sometimes abbreviated scil. It has mostly been replaced by "i.e."
Example: "I was three sheets to the wind last night, sc. I was extremely intoxicated."
s.o.s. ("si opus sit"), "if there is need", "if occasion require", "if necessary".[4]
viz (videlicet) means "namely".[1] There is no full stop after viz because the -z shows the abbreviation. Some people use "i.e." for the same purpose. However, the use of i.e. can be wrong, as viz should be used, as in the following example, to precede a complete list when the group has already been named collectively.
Example: "The noble gases, viz helium, neon, argon, xenon, krypton and radon, show a non-expected behaviour when exposed to this new element."
vs or v. (versus) means "against" (sometimes is not abbreviated).
Example: "From Figure 1 that shows force (in newtons) vs. mass (in kilograms) we can derive the acceleration of the body."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Latin_abbreviations
很多的。
网络用语有:
ASAP As soon as possible尽快
BF Boyfriend 男朋友
BTW By the way 随便说一下
BBL Be back later 稍后回来
BRB Be right back 很快回来
CU See you 再见
CUL See you later 下次再会
DIIK Damned if I known 我真的不知道
DS Dunce smiley 笨伯
FE For example 举例
FTF Face to face 面对面
FYI For your information 供参考
GF girlfriend 女朋友
IAE In any event无论如何
IC I see 我明白
ILY I love you 我爱你
IMHO In my humble opinion 依愚人之见
IMO In my opinion 依我所见
IOW In other words 换句话说
LOL laughing out loudly 大声笑
NRN No reply necessary 不必回信
OIC Oh, I see 哦,我知道
PEM Privacy enhanced mail 保密邮件
RSVP Reply if you please 请答复
TIA Thanks in advance 十分感谢
TTUL Talk to you later 以后再讲
TY Thank you 谢谢
VG very good 很好
WRT With respect to 关于
WYMM Will you marry me 愿意嫁给我吗
另外：
1.WTO-World Trade Organization世界贸易组织
2.UFO-Undentified Flying Object不明飞行物
3.NBA-National Basketball Association美国职业篮球联赛
4.CCTV-China Central Television中国中央电视台
5.IQ-Intelligence Quotient智商
6.PC-personal computer
7.IBM-international business machine
8.MBA-Master of Business Administration工商管理硕士
9.FD-Focal Distance焦距/Fire Department消防队
10.BBC-British Broadcasting Corporation英国广播公司
11.VOA-voice of America
12.email-electronic mail
………………
I'm we're don't won't let's doesn't can't couldn't didn't there's it's shouldn't .....
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